Russia is intensifying efforts to boost its presence in Africa through expanded military and economic partnerships,even as its actual investments on the continent continue to lag behind lofty geopolitical ambitions.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed this week that Russia’s presence in Africa is “growing,” with new emphasis on “sensitive areas such as defense and security.” The announcement follows the Wagner Group’s withdrawal from Mali,where it had supported the ruling military junta. In its place,the Kremlin-backed Africa Corps — composed largely of ex-Wagner fighters — will focus more on training and logistics. This strategic recalibration comes amid waning Western influence in West Africa following a series of military coups.
Yet Russia’s economic track record in Africa paints a less assertive picture. Despite high-profile summits and bilateral pledges,analysts say Moscow’s economic promises have faltered due to a lack of funding,bureaucratic inertia,and sanctions-induced retreat. Cases such as the collapsed $3 billion platinum project in Zimbabwe and the liquidation of Banco VTB Africa in Angola underscore systemic challenges facing Russian businesses in Africa. Critics argue that Russia’s rhetoric outpaces real investment,with few projects reaching completion.
“With its Russia-Africa Partnership Forum Action Plan (2023-2026),approved as a working document by the Kremlin,Russia faces a long and winding road,especially in implementing several bilateral agreements signed with African countries,” says analyst Kester Kenn Klomegah. “Thorough research indicates that Russian companies have been exiting Africa primarily due to geopolitical shifts,economic challenges,and a changing investment climate.” As Africa’s youthful population and economic potential grow,Moscow’s ability to match geopolitical aspirations with concrete economic outcomes remains uncertain — posing questions about the long-term viability of Russia’s renewed push into the continent.
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