US recalibrates military strategy in Africa, urges local allies to shoulder security burden

Amid a surge in insurgent activity across Africa,the U.S. military is recalibrating its strategy,stepping back from its traditional focus on governance and development to emphasize burden-sharing and self-reliance among African partners.

At the recent African Lion 2025 military exercise — the continent’s largest — Gen. Michael Langley,head of U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM),signaled the transition,calling for African forces to achieve “independent operations” and aim for “burden sharing.” Over 40 nations participated in drills featuring drone warfare and satellite-guided missiles,reflecting a more combat-centered approach. This strategic pivot echoes the Trump-era prioritization of homeland defense and leaner overseas footprints. The longstanding U.S. message of “whole-of-government” cooperation — blending defense,diplomacy,and development — has largely faded,raising concerns among analysts.

The shift comes despite mounting extremist threats: Africa is now considered the epicenter of al-Qaida and Islamic State activity. Yet,many local forces,including Somalia’s army,remain ill-equipped despite years of Western support. Critics warn that reducing U.S. engagement,particularly in volatile regions like the Sahel,risks enabling extremist groups to flourish in power vacuums. Meanwhile,rivals like China and Russia are expanding their security roles across the continent. Langley,set to leave his post later this year,acknowledged progress in some areas but cautioned,“I’ve seen progression and I’ve seen regression.” The future of U.S.-Africa security cooperation remains uncertain.